    Government scientists meet periodically to decide the levels of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) of nutrients. The main criteria is the amount needed to prevent deficiency diseases. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, and vitamin B1 deficiency causes pellagra.
    While this approach is fine as far as it goes, these recommendations have little to do with optimum health. One of every two Americans will contract cancer and 50% of the population by age 40 will have developed a chronic illness. In theory, most of these people meet or exceed the RDA’s for nutrients.
    The theory of the RDAs ignores more subtle aspects of nutrition such as the effect of vitamin C or zinc on tumor inhibition. This is much harder to measure, so it is ignored. At Analytical Research Labs, however, we consider many subtle nutrient effects, which are reflected in our recommendations.

Biochemical Individuality
    For optimum health, one needs different concepts of nutrition. One of these is biochemical individuality. The term was coined by Dr. Roger Williams to describe his research finding that nutritional needs vary tremendously from person to person.
    From this perspective, averages and standards mean very little. We use hair mineral analysis to assess each person's oxidation rate, stage of stress, trace element levels, toxic metal levels, digestive adequacy, state of the immune system and other factors that can be identified on the test.
    We also take into account each person's age, sex, weight and health conditions including pregnancy and acute or chronic illnesses. All these affect one's nutritional requirements.

Orthomolecular Nutrition
    Orthomolecular nutrition is related to biochemical individuality. The term was coined by the late Dr. Linus Pauling. It means to give the amount needed of a nutrient, not some average or standard amount.
    Our recommendations differ from those of many orthomolecular physicians in that we use foods and nutrients not just to address symptoms, but to balance body chemistry. For example, a person in an alarm stage of stress requires more calcium, copper, magnesium, choline and inositol. However, excessive vitamin B-complex or C may be detrimental for that person.
    A person in the exhaustion stage of stress requires more B-complex and C and less copper. By properly combining nutrients and taking into account mineral levels, ratios and patterns, our programs are more precise and correction is deeper and more permanent.

Other Reasons For High Nutrient Dosages
    We also recommend higher dosages of certain nutrients for other reasons. These include:

1)	Many people are born deficient and toxic. Both nutrient deficiencies and toxic metal excesses that require more nutrients to remove them are passed on through the placenta. Hair mineral testing on mothers and their children reveal that many young children are born depleted and toxic as a result of imbalances in the parents.
2)	Today's soil is depleted. Many soils are low in zinc, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, calcium and magnesium. This means that although one eats an excellent diet of organic foods, one will not obtain all the nutrients needed.
3)	H-yield crops are deficient in certain nutrients. Ten times the amount of wheat is grown on the same land as was grown 100 years ago. Today's wheat contains about 6% protein whereas 100 years ago it contained 12-14%. Trace mineral levels are similarly much lower due to high-yield farming methods.
4)	Modern fertilizers do not supply enough trace elements. One hundred years ago, manures were used extensively for fertilizer. Today, superphosphate fertilizers have largely replaced manures. These contain mainly nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus and are deficient in the trace elements contained in manures. Superphosphates often act more as growth stimulants. This has contributed greatly to depletion of the soil and crop minerals. This includes organically grown food, although it is much better.
5)	Pesticides and herbicides kill soil microorganisms and affect the nutrition of the plant. Soil micro-organisms are needed to make minerals and other nutrients available to plants. The result is lower nutrient content. Also, our bodies require extra nutrients to process pesticide residues that remain inside the foods. Many pesticides are deadly chemicals that severely tax the human system. Some contain lead, arsenic and other toxic metals that slowly accumulate in the body unless and until one follows a health program designed to remove them. Our laws currently allow sewage and factory sludge to be sold as fertilizer that contains significant quantities of toxic metals. These add greatly to our toxic metal burden and require extra nutrients to help remove them from the body.
6)	Long-distance transportation of many foods diminishes their nutrition. Many foods are grown thousands of miles from population centers. They may spend a week on trucks or trains to reach you. As soon as a food is harvested, the levels of certain nutrients begins to diminish. This is another factor that reduces our nutrient intake and increases the need for supplements.
7)	Food processing often drastically reduces nutrient content. Refining of wheat to make white flour removes 80% of its magnesium, 70-80% of its zinc, 87% of its chromium, 88% of its manganese and 50% of its cobalt. Refining sugar cane to make white sugar removes 99% of its magnesium and 93% of its chromium. Polishing rice removes 75% of its zinc and chromium. Canned food may be quite old. Frozen foods are nutritionally better.
8)	Food additives often deplete nutrients. Thousands of artificial flavors, colors, dough conditioners, stabilizers and preservatives are added to many foods. While some are harmless and may increase the value of food, many are toxic and can deplete the body of nutrients. As a result of eating refined, low-quality food loaded with additives, most people's digestion is impaired. This further impairs nutrient absorption and increases nutritional needs. This is why we generally recommend a digestive aid for everyone who is suffering from any health condition.
9)	Pollution and stress deplete many nutrients including calcium, magnesium and zinc. Stress also causes excessive sympathetic nervous system activity which reduces digestive ability. These are other important reasons why supplementation in high doses is sometimes needed. So severe are nutrient deficiencies today, that in addition to your recommended diet and supplement program, we recommend everyone use unrefined sea salt and kelp as extra mineral sources. As health improves, less supplements are needed.

References
1)	Anderson, M. and Jensen, B., Empty Harvest: Understanding the Link Between Our Food, Our Immunity and Our Planet, Avery Penguin Putnam, 1993.
2)	Hall, R.H, Food For Naught, The Decline in Nutrition, Vintage Books, NY 1974.
3)	Hoffer, A. and Walker, M., Orthomolecular Nutrition, Keats Publishing, 1978.
4)	Pfeiffer, Mental and Elemental Nutrients, Keats Publishing, 1975.
5)	Schroeder, H., The Trace Elements and Man, The Devin-Adair Company, CT, 1975.